further chem
how to determine / show that a pair of enantiomers are non-superimposable
chiral molecules without chiral centres:
- allenes (carbon with 2 double bonds) (hybridisation of carbons disallows rotation, since p orbitals perpendicular)
- biphenyls
achiral molecules with stereogenic centres
- has internal plane of symmetry
- e.g. substituted cyclohexane
molecules with multiple chiral centers
determining R/S configuration
configurational isomers:
- spatial arrangement of atoms that distinguishes stereoisomers (no easy interconversion)
- i.e. cis vs trans
- chirality
conformational isomers:
- able to be achieved by rotation around single bonds
- e.g. staggered vs eclipsed conformation of ethane
