further chem
padped: protonation-addition-deprotonation-protonation-elimination-deprotonation
can happen intramolecularly (lactones)
acid catalysed:
cannot occur under basic conditions:
- addition of
gives a di-anion, i.e. both oxygens would have a negative charge - elimination would result in leaving group being
or (which is super bad)
justifying why water leaves:
actually… they both leave similarly
another way:
- Le Chatelier’s principle:
- dean-stark trap