chem whatdriveschemicalreactions
Reactivity 1.1.1 - chemical reactions involve a transfer of energy between the system and the surroundings, while total energy is conserved
- energy is a measure of the ability to do work, to move an object against an opposing force
Important
- heat is a form of energy transfer that occurs as a result of a temperature difference, a process of energy transfer
- temperature, rather, is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles, which is a property of the system.
the system is the area of interest, and the surroundings is the rest of the universe
- an open system allows energy and matter to be exchanged with the surroundings
- in a closed system, energy can be exchanged with the surroundings, but the matter cannot. the total energy does not change during the process, however.
- an isolated system cannot exchange matter or energy with the surroundings
the chemical potential energy of a system is called enthalpy. when heat is added to a system from the surroundings, the enthalpy of the system increases. when the system gives out heat, its enthalpy decreases. changes in enthalpy are denoted by